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Research 101

The steps of the research process & how to apply them.

2e. Find Grey Literature

Published but Not Quite

Between formally published works and unpublished manuscripts lies a murky region called grey literature—documentation produced by corporations, government bodies, and academic forums.

You may have research projects requiring gray literature. Learn about these resources here.

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What Is Grey Literature?

[Grey literature is] that which is produced on all levels of government, academics, business and industry in print and electronic formats, but which is not controlled by commercial publishers.

Grey literature includes:

  • Theses & dissertations

  • Conference papers & proceedings

  • Research reports

  • Government documents

  • Geological & geophysical surveys

  • Preprint articles

  • Fact sheets

  • Newsletters & bulletins

Figure 1
Grey Literature Tutorial

Note. From Grey Literature Tutorial, by Western University, , YouTube (https://youtu.be/m9-0ZYnCmAI). CC-BY.

Find Grey Literature

You can find grey literature all over the web.

Often, an internet search may be the simplest way to find grey literature, as many government documents, theses, and corporate reports are available on the open web. However, see the following databases for additional grey literature:

Academic

Theses and Dissertations

These open databases contain masters’ theses and doctoral dissertations.

Business

This business database includes such grey literature as industry reports, SWOT analyses, and working papers.

Government

Government documents are considered grey literature. The U.S. government offers unclassified documents online.

Federal Government

Geological & Geophysical Information

Oklahoma State Government